When treating the early stage, the optimal method is considered to be gentle surgery with preservation of the organ, which is supplemented by radiation therapy. The cure rate is high - up to 98%. Risk factors in this case include the possible occurrence of local relapses, as well as re-development of pathologies.
At subsequent stages, a mastectomy is prescribed - partial or complete removal of the affected breast tissue (unilateral or bilateral). The operation is carried out in 3 basic forms:
- Simple – removal of affected tissue, breast skin and part of healthy muscle fibers.
- Radical – complete removal of the mammary glands.
- Skin-sparing - ectomy of the affected areas, but some of the epidermal tissue is preserved.
Removal with immediate restoration of the shape and size of the mammary gland. In this case, the affected areas are replaced with a prosthesis, less often - with healthy soft tissues of the patient. As a rule, surgery is combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy to reduce the risk of metastasis.
After treatment and a recovery period, in some cases, doctors offer mammoplasty reconstruction, which experts call a mechanism of social adaptation and a normalizing factor in the patient’s psychological state. Breast reconstruction is performed by transplanting a submental musculocutaneous section of tissue taken from the woman's thighs, abdomen or buttocks.